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PENNY.TUT
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#help.tut Extra help on tutorials
#define.stb ON LINE GLOSSARY
/* The Comptroller's Office of the State of Florida recently
released an information guide to avoid penny stock fraud. Many of
the things which are stated in this information guide are
applicable to any investment. I hate to say this, but in most
instances of securities fraud there are two guilty parties-- the
person selling the fraud and the person who allowed himself to be
defrauded! Read and learn. This pamphlet is reprinted with the
kind permission of the State. If you follow the guidelines in
this publication, you will eliminate or reduce the possibility of
losing you money to stock fraud in general.*/
As Comptroller of the State of Florida, I am responsible for the
regulation of securities dealers, finance companies and state
chartered institutions such as banks, credit unions, and savings
and loan associations. My office, the Department of Banking and
Finance, receives numerous complaints from investors who have
lost money by purchasing penny stocks. As a result, we have been
working with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the
Federal Bureau of Investigation to curtail these abuses. We have
instituted a three part program to accomplish this: (1) pursuing
legal action against companies and individuals who fraudulently
sell this product; (2) amending our statute to give us greater
power to investigate and take action against offenders; and (3)
making the public aware of the pitfalls of investing in penny
stocks.
WHAT ARE PENNY STOCKS
Penny stocks are low priced shares, usually selling under $ 5.00
per share initially. With few exceptions, they are not traded on
the national stock exchanges (such as the New York or American
Stock Exchange) or quoted on the National Association of
Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ) system. Some
penny stocks are sold legitimately, but a number are sold
fraudulently.
Penny stocks are traded on the over the counter (OTC) market. For
stocks listed on an exchange or quoted on NASDAQ, volume and
price information is collected electronically and made available
to the public. For many penny stocks, the brokerage firm trading
the shares is the only source of information about price and
volume and usually they only provide information about the trades
that they have made. Also, they may be the only place where you
can sell the stock, at whatever amount the offer to pay.
One private company prints a daily list of firms, known as the
"Pink Sheets", which includes the price of some OTC stocks. Some
newspapers publish the price of certain penny stocks. However,
information about many penny stocks is not published or available
to the public and the public price is not necessarily the price
for which you can sell your stock.
WARNING SIGNS OF PENNY STOCK FRAUD
1. Unsolicited telephone calls. Beware of a sales person who
promises you quick profits with little or no risk. Remember, if
an investment opportunity sounds too good to be true, it probably
is!
2. High pressure sales tactics. These may include statements by
the salesperson, such as:
he has "inside" information on a stock and you should
purchase now, before it comes public;
you have a unique opportunity for a short period of time to
buy a stock at a special or below market price;
the price has already risen several times and you should
purchase immediately before it goes even higher; or
you may buy a particular stock only if you agree to buy
another company's as well.
3. Inability to sell your stock and receive cash. Fraudulent
penny stock brokers will strongly resist your desire to sell your
stock for cash, often insisting that you buy another stock in its
place. You may be unable to reach your broker when you want to
sell.
INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOU INVEST
No stock rises in price all the time. Penny stock investments are
highly speculative. Be sure you understand the risk of loss--
including the possible loss of your entire investment. The
following risks are greater for penny stocks than other
investments.
Risk of Market Domination and Price Manipulation. Many penny
stocks are traded by a single brokerage firm or only by a few
firms. This means that the broker may have a monopoly and may
take unfair advantage of you by manipulating the price.
Frequently, they will run up the price of the stock and then
cease trading it all together, allowing the value of the stock to
fall drastically.
Risk of excessive charges. Brokerage firms that specialize in
penny stocks generally earn their profits by charging "mark-ups"
above the price the firm pays for the stock. The State of Florida
and the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) set
limits on the amount a firm may mark up the price of a stock.
Some firms charge mark-ups as high as 100% or more. Undisclosed,
excessive mark-ups are illegal under state and federal laws.
because of the limited number of firms selling these stocks and
the limited availability of current price information, the
opportunity for unscrupulous brokerage firms to overcharge you is
a particular risk.
Lack of Stock Price Information. Frequently, it is impossible for
you to get stock price and volume traded information from anyone
other than your broker. This makes it difficult to monitor your
broker's recommendation or changes in the value of your
investment.
Lack of Information About Your Investment. Companies listed on an
exchange or quoted on NASDAQ are required to make quarterly and
annual reports of financial conditions available to the public.
Many penny stock firms do not make this information available.
Before you buy any stock, but especially a penny stock, consider
these important steps.
Check out your alternatives. If your broker's firm is the only
one actively trading the stock, you will be dependent on that
firm. If you become unhappy with the investment or the broker,
you may not be able to sell the stock elsewhere.
Obtain Information. ASk your broke for written information about
the company. If the broker will not provide it or tells you there
is not time to read it, beware!
Check Out Your Broker. Inquire about the broker's experience and
background and that of the firm as well. Ask the salesperson if
he and his firm are registered with my office and the NASD.
Request that he confirm this information in writing, then call my
toll free hotline at 1-800-848-3792 to verify the information and
see if there has been regulatory action taken against the firm or
the salesperson.
Keep Records. Ask to send you written copies of any predictions
about the performance of the stock. Keep notes of what he tells
you.
Ask About Price. Ask your broker the price that the firm is
currently paying other customers for their stock, as well as the
price at which it is selling the stock to you-- this is the mark-
up. A large difference suggests that you may be at a serious
disadvantage when you try to sell your stock.
IF YOU FEEL THAT YOU ARE A VICTIM
1. Confirm any instructions to your broker by certified letter or
telegram.
2. Document your complaint and bring it to the attention of the
branch manager, compliance officer, or president of the firm.
3. If you cannot resolve the problem with the company or if you
suspect fraud, call my toll free Hot Line at 1-800-848-3792. My
staff will be happy to assist you.
/* This is either for Floridians or those who are dealing with
Florida based brokers. */
YOU CAN HELP
Please help us fight penny stock fraud. Many investment scams are
brought to our attention by the potential target of that scam--
you, the investor. If you receive telephone calls or sales
material that you believe is fraudulent, please report it to my
toll free Hot Line, 1-800-848-3792.
/* Again for Floridians or those receiving solicitations from
Florida based brokers. */
Help protect other investors from losing their hard earned
dollars. Also, if you have information or problems with other
state financial institutions, please call the Hot Line. Thank
you.